Abstract

Groups that jointly commit robbery offenses fall within the category of crimes against property. Such groups are primarily composed of individuals without stable employment, with low educational attainment, limited legal awareness, and adverse personal histories, often including previous convictions or administrative violations. Some members also engage in harmful or addictive behaviors, particularly gambling, excessive gaming, and drug use, which may create financial pressures associated with offending. Members of these groups may display negative psychological traits such as greed, self-interest, aggression, delinquent tendencies, disregard for consequences and the law, and indifference toward the lives and health of others. Consequently, they may persist in committing offenses with recklessness and cruelty.

Keywords: Co-offending groups, criminal behavior, criminal psychology, psychological characteristics, robbery.