Abstract

This article analyzes social security as a strategic pillar for sustainable development and social stability in Vietnam today. Based on an assessment of key policies in the 2024–2025 period—including multidimensional poverty reduction, social insurance, health insurance, and preferential policies for people with meritorious services—the study highlights major achievements such as declining poverty rates, expanded health insurance coverage, and improved living standards for beneficiaries. However, the social security system still faces significant challenges, including rapid population aging, low social insurance participation, a large informal labor sector, and the risk of poverty relapse in ethnic minority areas. In response, the article proposes a set of solutions: improving institutional frameworks in line with Resolution No. 42-NQ/TW, expanding social and health insurance coverage, innovating sustainable poverty reduction policies, strengthening policies for people with meritorious services, and promoting digital transformation in governance. These measures aim to build a multi- tiered, modern, inclusive, and sustainable social security system, thereby strengthening public trust and ensuring Vietnam’s long-term development.

Keywords: Health insurance, poverty reduction, social insurance, social policy, social security, Vietnam