Abstract

This article examines and refutes the claim that Marx’s theory separates human beings from individual freedom and personal agency, reducing them to mere instruments of history. From this interpretation, some scholars characterize Marxism as a form of determinism or a secular version of fatalism. The article argues that such views are distorted, one-sided, and lacking in objectivity. They misrepresent the relationship between historical conditions, human agency, and social transformation in Marx’s thought. These interpretations are also used to deny the scientific value of Marxism, question the role of the Communist Party, and reject Vietnam’s path toward socialism. By clarifying the theoretical foundations of Marx’s thought, the article contributes to identifying and challenging these misleading arguments.

Keywords: Marx’s theory, distorted arguments, determinism, fatalism, human agency.