Abstract

This article examines digital assets from a private law perspective, focusing on the criteria for their legal characterization, the possibility of lawful control, mechanisms for creating and transferring rights, and platform liability. Drawing on the 2015 Civil Code, the 2025 Law on Digital Technology Industry, the 2024 Law on Data, and the 2023 Law on Electronic Transactions, it argues that recognizing digital assets in law resolves only the question of their legal characterization. The applicable framework governing rights, rules of evidence, the legal effects of transfers, and enforcement mechanisms requires further specification. The article proposes a technology- neutral regulatory model that permits openness subject to conditions, adopts a tiered, risk-based approach, and integrates private law rules with governance obligations for intermediaries.

Keywords: Digital assets, digital data, digital platforms, electronic transactions, lawful control, private law, property rights, risk governance.