Abstract

Amid intensifying global technological competition and persistent geopolitical disruptions to semiconductor supply chains, many countries have shifted from market-oriented support toward proactive industrial policies designed to strengthen technological autonomy. The European Union (EU) exemplifies this transition through the adoption of the European Chips Act under Regulation (EU) 2023/1781, which establishes a unified legal framework for developing the semiconductor ecosystem, enhancing supply-chain resilience, and improving the competitiveness of the European semiconductor industry. This article analyzes the core provisions of the European Chips Act from legal and industrial-policy perspectives and examines the EU’s transition from market regulation toward the strategic development of technological capabilities. By comparing the EU’s approach with semiconductor policies in the United States, Japan, and South Korea, the article identifies similarities and differences in national approaches to semiconductor-industry development. Based on this comparative analysis, it proposes policy implications for Vietnam, including improving the legal framework, strengthening innovation capacity, developing highly qualified human resources, and promoting deeper participation in the global semiconductor value chain.

Keywords: Chips Act, European Chips Act, European Union, industrial policy, semiconductor supply chain, semiconductors.