Abstract

Digital transformation and the green economy—the two pillars of the “twin transition”—create an urgent need for a tourism workforce equipped with both digital competence and green behavior. This article examines the dual-competence gap in Vietnam’s tourism workforce and the multilevel factors that translate workers’ awareness into action. It employs a structured narrative review and policy document analysis, comparing the ASEAN tourism professional framework (MRA-TP/ACCSTP) with international competence frameworks, including DigComp 2.2, GreenComp, and ESD/DLGF, while synthesizing empirical findings. The results indicate that green human resource management, technological infrastructure, and green transformational leadership are key meso-level drivers of employees’ voluntary green behavior. Digital competence facilitates implementation, while green behavior guides the purposeful use of technology. The article proposes a three-level twin-transition conceptual framework and recommends restructuring training programs and human resource policies to develop a workforce capable of supporting the Sustainable Development Goals through 2030.

Keywords: Digital competence, green behavior, human resource management, tourism in Vietnam, twin transition.