Abstract

In the context of Vietnam’s tourism recovery and accelerated digital transformation, developing practice- oriented tourism human resources capable of adapting to real working environments has become increasingly important. This study, conducted at the Faculty of Tourism, Dai Nam University, evaluates training–enterprise linkage from the perspectives of students, lecturers, and tourism enterprises. Using a quantitative survey of 261 respondents, including 235 students, 12 lecturers, and 14 partner enterprises, the 'ndings reveal strong consensus on the importance of practice-oriented education, with mean scores ranging from 4.29 to 4.41. However, a notable perception gap exists between students and employers regarding graduates’ professional readiness, especially in specialized foreign language pro'ciency, practical problem-solving skills, and digital technology application. Accordingly, the study proposes a “Co-creation Ecosystem” model linking universities and tourism enterprises to improve training quality, reduce the education–labor market gap, and support the development of tourism human resources for international integration and digital transformation.

Keywords: Co-creation ecosystem, perception gap, tourism enterprises, tourism human resources, training- enterprise linkage.