Abstract

For the first time, the 2019 Labor Code extends its scope of application to persons working without an employment relationship, thereby providing a legal basis for the protection of this group under labor law. However, the Code’s provisions on their rights remain largely general, policy-oriented, and insufficiently specific. At present, the rights of persons working without an employment relationship are regulated in a fragmented manner across various legal instruments, each of which applies only certain provisions relevant to this group. In practice, the Labor Code and related legislation have not yet established an effective and coherent mechanism for safeguarding their rights and interests. This article examines the legal and practical difficulties arising from the application of current provisions governing the rights of persons working without an employment relationship and proposes recommendations for improving the relevant legal framework.

Keywords: Employees; employers; workers without an employment relationship.