Abstract

Malaysia has successfully developed a dual educational system, integrating secular and Islamic education under state governance to balance human resource development with cultural-religious identity. This paper analyzes the key features of Malaysia's education system, focusing on philosophy, governance, structure, and vocational education (TVET). It highlights achievements in higher education and technical workforce development, while noting limitations in investment efficiency and educational disparity. Based on Malaysia's experience, the study proposes policy implications for Vietnam to reform educational governance in alignment with socio-economic needs.

Keywords: Dual education system, Islamic education, Malaysia, policy implications for Vietnam, technical and vocational education and training (TVET).