Abstract

Instructional design involves constructing a systematic lesson plan that links key educational components to foster learners’ competencies through experiential activities. This article reviews several widely used frameworks, including the ADDIE model, TPACK, and the Dick and Carey systems approach model. These approaches share a student-centered orientation, emphasize accurate measurement of learning outcomes, and encourage learners’ initiative and creativity through practice-based scenarios. For effective implementation of these instructional design models at Vietnam Maritime University, the article highlights the necessity of establishing clear principles and professional standards for faculty.

Keywords: Competency-based approach, instructional design, instructional design models, student competency development, university students