Abstract

Law No. 127/2025/QH15 on Execution of Criminal Judgments, effective from 1 July 2026, redefines the authorities responsible for the execution of suspended sentences to align with the two-tier local government model. Under the new framework, district-level police agencies for the execution of criminal judgments are no longer organized. Commune-level People's Committees are responsible for managing, supervising, and educating persons serving suspended sentences, while commune-level police directly perform these tasks. This article examines the changes introduced by the 2025 Law on Execution of Criminal Judgments and assesses the conditions necessary to ensure their effective implementation. It also identifies several inconsistencies between Clause 2, Article 65 of the 2015 Penal Code and Resolution No. 02/2018/NQ-HDTP, on the one hand, and the provisions of the 2025 Law on Execution of Criminal Judgments, on the other. On this basis, the article proposes recommendations for improving the legal framework and enhancing the effectiveness of the execution of suspended sentences under the two-tier local government model.

Keywords: Commune-level People's Committee; execution of suspended sentences; Law on Execution of Criminal Judgments; supervision and education; two-tier local government.