Abstract

The joint and several liability of spouses toward third parties is a legal mechanism designed to secure the performance of obligations and protect lawful rights and interests in civil transactions. However, the application of the 2014 Law on Marriage and Family and the 2015 Civil Code in judicial practice continues to reveal several shortcomings. Through statutory analysis, comparison of legal provisions, and examination of selected judgments and judicial decisions, this article clarifies the grounds for joint and several liability, the legal consequences of joint and several obligations, the allocation of obligations between spouses, and the protection of third-party rights. Based on these findings, the article proposes recommendations to improve the legal framework and promote greater consistency in judicial practice.

Keywords: Common obligations, judicial practice, joint and several liability, spouses, third parties.