Abstract

This study evaluated the eKectiveness of integrating 3D simulation software into teaching the Physiology course for Primary Education students. The results showed that students who learned with 3D simulations achieved signi'cantly better academic performance than those in the control group. Students also expressed positive attitudes and a willingness to apply this technology in their future professional practice. However, the study identi'ed several limitations related to hardware facilities and the generalizability of the 'ndings. The study aims to provide a practical foundation for scaling up the application of virtual technology models in primary teacher training.

Keywords: BioDigital, child physiology, digital competence, PhET, primary education, simulation software.