Abstract

This article examines the protection of human rights in digital governance in Viet Nam through the approach of privacy and personal data. Based on the 2013 Constitution, the 2025 Law on Personal Data Protection, and international orientations on human rights-based digital governance, the article argues that the current challenge lies not only in the formal recognition of rights but mainly in implementation, risk control, and accountability. The study shows that personal data, digital platforms, and artificial intelligence create both opportunities and new risks for human rights, especially the rights to privacy, to be informed, and to control personal information. It therefore proposes legal improvement, stronger independent monitoring, enhanced implementation capacity, and more transparent accountability mechanisms to better protect human rights in Viet Nam's digital environment.

Keywords: Human rights, digital governance, privacy, personal data, implementation, monitoring, Vietnam.