Abstract

This article examines the protection of human rights in Viet Nam's digital environment through a shift from legal description to risk governance and accountability. Based on the 2013 Constitution, the 2025 Law on Personal Data Protection, and international materials on digital platform governance, it argues that the current challenge lies not only in the formal recognition of rights but mainly in implementation, risk control, and accountability. The study shows that personal data, digital platforms, and artificial intelligence increase the risks to privacy, the right to be informed, and the right to control personal information. It therefore proposes legal improvement, stronger independent monitoring, enhanced implementation capacity, more transparent accountability mechanisms, and a stronger culture of respect for data to better protect human rights in Viet Nam's digital environment.

Keywords: Human rights, digital environment, risk governance, accountability, personal data, implementation monitoring, Viet Nam.