Abstract

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a high-value cold-water fish species farmed in several regions of Vietnam with suitable climatic conditions. However, differences between Vietnam’s environmental conditions and the species’ natural habitat, particularly higher water temperatures, create an urgent need to develop reliable broodstock with improved growth, adaptability, and stress tolerance. Genetic methods and molecular biotechnology have therefore received increasing attention in rainbow trout breeding programs. Major approaches include assessing genetic diversity, determining genetic relationships using molecular markers, applying quantitative genetic selection, investigating genotype-by-environment interactions, and progressively adopting genomic selection technologies. This article discusses these approaches and proposes measures for applying genetic and genomic technologies to rainbow trout breeding in Vietnam.

Keywords: Genetic technologies, genomic selection, rainbow trout, selective breeding, Vietnam.