Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into probability teaching at the high school level represents a transformative approach to enhancing students’ higher-order thinking skills, including critical thinking, problem- solving, creativity, and metacognition. Probability, as a foundational yet abstract branch of mathematics, often poses challenges for secondary school students because it requires conceptual understanding, reasoning under uncertainty, and data interpretation rather than mere procedural calculation. This article explores the application of AI in teaching probability, drawing on empirical evidence, and proposes solutions to optimize its impact on the cognitive development of Vietnamese high school students. Ultimately, it advocates a balanced integration of AI in order to foster analytical, creative, and adaptable thinkers who are well prepared for an AI-supported future.

Keywords: Adaptive learning, artificial intelligence, critical thinking, higher-order thinking skills, high school education, probability teaching, problem-solving.